DESERTS Contrary to popular perception, temperature alone does not directly define whether an area of land is described as a desert. The key factor instead is rainfall, with desert areas averaging less than 254 millimetres of rain a year. There are, in fact, what are known as 'cold deserts', such as in the Antarctic, where temperatures can be below freezing. Even the hot, dry deserts we most typically think of, such as the Sahara, can experience very dramatic temperature drops at night. This is because the lack of cloud cover allows hot air to escape very quickly once the sun has set. RAINFORESTS As their name suggests, rainforests are found in areas with consistently high levels of rainfall, typically in tropical regions of the world around the equator. They may receive more than 2,000 millimetres of rain a year and with an average daily temperature of around 28 °C, they are hot and humid. This climate is consistent all year round which creates the perfect habitat for an incredibly diverse range of plants and animals and makes them some of the most biodiverse environments on the planet. TUNDRAS One of the world's harshest environments are tundras, treeless ecosystems found in the Arctic and on the tops of mountains. These areas are very cold and windy with little rainfall, making it difficult for both plants and animals to survive. Most of the plants | Focus 4. Second Edition. Student's Book | 7/131

1. young creatures are protected from potential harm? - D (providing a home to numerous species of fish, which use them as nurseries because the mass of roots creates a safe space for young fish away

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